The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Wegovy, the first oral glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) medication for weight loss and obesity in adults, marking a significant shift in how these drugs are administered. For years, the industry has focused on injectable versions, but many patients prefer a pill over regular injections. As endocrinologist Daniel Drucker explains, “It’s just good to have more options for people.”
Expanding Access and Lowering Costs
The move to an oral formulation has two key benefits: convenience and cost. Injectable GLP-1 drugs like Wegovy and Ozempic can be expensive, costing hundreds of dollars monthly. Pills are easier to manufacture and distribute, potentially lowering prices and increasing access. Endocrinologist Rozalina McCoy emphasizes, “Pills are also easier to transport and produce,” and hopes the approval will lead to wider availability.
Clinical Trial Results: How Effective Is the Pill?
Novo Nordisk’s latest phase 3 trial showed promising results. Participants taking the highest dose of the Wegovy pill lost an average of 16.6% of their body weight over 64 weeks, compared to 2.7% in the placebo group. While slightly less effective than the 17.4% weight reduction seen in trials of Wegovy injections, the oral form offers a more accessible alternative.
How GLP-1 Drugs Work
GLP-1 drugs mimic a gut hormone that regulates appetite, slowing stomach emptying and making people feel fuller for longer. Wegovy, whether injected or taken orally, operates on this principle, leading to reduced food intake. Side effects are similar to those of injections—nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting—but the oral form requires specific administration.
Strict Dosage Requirements
To maximize effectiveness, the Wegovy pill must be taken on an empty stomach with no other liquids or medications for at least 30 minutes. Endocrinologist John Buse explains that food, water, or even coffee can dramatically reduce the drug’s absorption into the bloodstream.
Pricing and Availability
The Wegovy pill will be available in U.S. pharmacies and through select telehealth providers in early January. The starting dose of 1.5 mg is priced at $149 per month out of pocket, though higher doses (25 mg) are expected to be more expensive. Despite the initial cost, Novo Nordisk claims it’s the most affordable self-pay price for a GLP-1 weight-loss drug to date.
The Future of Weight-Loss Medication
Novo Nordisk isn’t the only company developing oral GLP-1 drugs. Eli Lilly is working on orforglipron, with FDA approval anticipated in 2026. As more competitors enter the market, experts predict that prices will fall and options will expand. Drucker concludes, “I think we’re going to go in the next like 12 to 18 months from these two main [injection] options from Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly to half a dozen options in this class of medicines.” This increased competition will ultimately benefit patients by providing more choices and potentially lowering costs.
